angular状态管理器NgRx怎么用
本篇内容主要讲解“angular状态管理器NgRx怎么用”,感兴趣的朋友不妨来看看。本文介绍的方法操作简单快捷,实用性强。下面就让小编来带大家学习“angular状态管理器NgRx怎么用”吧!
NgRx 是 Angular 应用中实现全局状态管理的 Redux 架构解决方案。
@ngrx/store:全局状态管理模块
@ngrx/effects:处理副作用
@ngrx/store-devtools:浏览器调试工具,需要依赖 Redux Devtools Extension
@ngrx/schematics:命令行工具,快速生成 NgRx 文件
@ngrx/entity:提高开发者在 Reducer 中操作数据的效率
@ngrx/router-store:将路由状态同步到全局 Store
快速开始
1、下载 NgRx
npm install @ngrx/store @ngrx/effects @ngrx/entity @ngrx/router-store @ngrx/store-devtools @ngrx/schematics
2、配置 NgRx CLI
ng config cli.defaultCollection @ngrx/schematics
// angular.json "cli": { "defaultCollection": "@ngrx/schematics" }
3、创建 Store
ng g store State --root --module app.module.ts --statePath store --stateInterface AppState
4、创建 Action
ng g action store/actions/counter --skipTests
import { createAction } from "@ngrx/store" export const increment = createAction("increment") export const decrement = createAction("decrement")
5、创建 Reducer
ng g reducer store/reducers/counter --skipTests --reducers=../index.ts
import { createReducer, on } from "@ngrx/store" import { decrement, increment } from "../actions/counter.actions" export const counterFeatureKey = "counter" export interface State { count: number } export const initialState: State = { count: 0 } export const reducer = createReducer( initialState, on(increment, state => ({ count: state.count + 1 })), on(decrement, state => ({ count: state.count - 1 })) )
6、创建 Selector
ng g selector store/selectors/counter --skipTests
import { createFeatureSelector, createSelector } from "@ngrx/store" import { counterFeatureKey, State } from "../reducers/counter.reducer" import { AppState } from ".." export const selectCounter = createFeatureSelector<AppState, State>(counterFeatureKey) export const selectCount = createSelector(selectCounter, state => state.count)
7、组件类触发 Action、获取状态
import { select, Store } from "@ngrx/store" import { Observable } from "rxjs" import { AppState } from "./store" import { decrement, increment } from "./store/actions/counter.actions" import { selectCount } from "./store/selectors/counter.selectors" export class AppComponent { count: Observable<number> constructor(private store: Store<AppState>) { this.count = this.store.pipe(select(selectCount)) } increment() { this.store.dispatch(increment()) } decrement() { this.store.dispatch(decrement()) } }
8、组件模板显示状态
<button (click)="increment()">+</button> <span>{{ count | async }}</span> <button (click)="decrement()">-</button>
Action Payload
1、在组件中使用 dispatch 触发 Action 时传递参数,参数最终会被放置在 Action 对象中。
this.store.dispatch(increment({ count: 5 }))
2、在创建 Action Creator 函数时,获取参数并指定参数类型。
import { createAction, props } from "@ngrx/store" export const increment = createAction("increment", props<{ count: number }>())
export declare function props<P extends object>(): Props<P>;
3、在 Reducer 中通过 Action 对象获取参数。
export const reducer = createReducer( initialState, on(increment, (state, action) => ({ count: state.count + action.count })) )
MetaReducer
metaReducer 是 Action -> Reducer 之间的钩子,允许开发者对 Action 进行预处理 (在普通 Reducer 函数调用之前调用)。
function debug(reducer: ActionReducer<any>): ActionReducer<any> { return function (state, action) { return reducer(state, action) } } export const metaReducers: MetaReducer<AppState>[] = !environment.production ? [debug] : []
Effect
需求:在页面中新增一个按钮,点击按钮后延迟一秒让数值增加。
1、在组件模板中新增一个用于异步数值增加的按钮,按钮被点击后执行 increment_async
方法
<button (click)="increment_async()">async</button>
2、在组件类中新增 increment_async
方法,并在方法中触发执行异步操作的 Action
increment_async() { this.store.dispatch(increment_async()) }
3、在 Action 文件中新增执行异步操作的 Action
export const increment_async = createAction("increment_async")
4、创建 Effect,接收 Action 并执行副作用,继续触发 Action
ng g effect store/effects/counter --root --module app.module.ts --skipTests
Effect 功能由 @ngrx/effects 模块提供,所以在根模块中需要导入相关的模块依赖
import { Injectable } from "@angular/core" import { Actions, createEffect, ofType } from "@ngrx/effects" import { increment, increment_async } from "../actions/counter.actions" import { mergeMap, map } from "rxjs/operators" import { timer } from "rxjs" // createEffect // 用于创建 Effect, Effect 用于执行副作用. // 调用方法时传递回调函数, 回调函数中返回 Observable 对象, 对象中要发出副作用执行完成后要触发的 Action 对象 // 回调函数的返回值在 createEffect 方法内部被继续返回, 最终返回值被存储在了 Effect 类的属性中 // NgRx 在实例化 Effect 类后, 会订阅 Effect 类属性, 当副作用执行完成后它会获取到要触发的 Action 对象并触发这个 Action // Actions // 当组件触发 Action 时, Effect 需要通过 Actions 服务接收 Action, 所以在 Effect 类中通过 constructor 构造函数参数的方式将 Actions 服务类的实例对象注入到 Effect 类中 // Actions 服务类的实例对象为 Observable 对象, 当有 Action 被触发时, Action 对象本身会作为数据流被发出 // ofType // 对目标 Action 对象进行过滤. // 参数为目标 Action 的 Action Creator 函数 // 如果未过滤出目标 Action 对象, 本次不会继续发送数据流 // 如果过滤出目标 Action 对象, 会将 Action 对象作为数据流继续发出 @Injectable() export class CounterEffects { constructor(private actions: Actions) { // this.loadCount.subscribe(console.log) } loadCount = createEffect(() => { return this.actions.pipe( ofType(increment_async), mergeMap(() => timer(1000).pipe(map(() => increment({ count: 10 })))) ) }) }
Entity
1、概述
Entity 译为实体,实体就是集合中的一条数据。
NgRx 中提供了实体适配器对象,在实体适配器对象下面提供了各种操作集合中实体的方法,目的就是提高开发者操作实体的效率。
2、核心
1、EntityState:实体类型接口
/* { ids: [1, 2], entities: { 1: { id: 1, title: "Hello Angular" }, 2: { id: 2, title: "Hello NgRx" } } } */ export interface State extends EntityState<Todo> {}
2、createEntityAdapter: 创建实体适配器对象
3、EntityAdapter:实体适配器对象类型接口
export const adapter: EntityAdapter<Todo> = createEntityAdapter<Todo>() // 获取初始状态 可以传递对象参数 也可以不传 // {ids: [], entities: {}} export const initialState: State = adapter.getInitialState()
3、实例方法
https://ngrx.io/guide/entity/adapter#adapter-collection-methods
4、选择器
// selectTotal 获取数据条数 // selectAll 获取所有数据 以数组形式呈现 // selectEntities 获取实体集合 以字典形式呈现 // selectIds 获取id集合, 以数组形式呈现 const { selectIds, selectEntities, selectAll, selectTotal } = adapter.getSelectors();
export const selectTodo = createFeatureSelector<AppState, State>(todoFeatureKey) export const selectTodos = createSelector(selectTodo, selectAll)
Router Store
1、同步路由状态
1)引入模块
import { StoreRouterConnectingModule } from "@ngrx/router-store" @NgModule({ imports: [ StoreRouterConnectingModule.forRoot() ] }) export class AppModule {}
2)将路由状态集成到 Store
import * as fromRouter from "@ngrx/router-store" export interface AppState { router: fromRouter.RouterReducerState } export const reducers: ActionReducerMap<AppState> = { router: fromRouter.routerReducer }
2、创建获取路由状态的 Selector
// router.selectors.ts import { createFeatureSelector } from "@ngrx/store" import { AppState } from ".." import { RouterReducerState, getSelectors } from "@ngrx/router-store" const selectRouter = createFeatureSelector<AppState, RouterReducerState>( "router" ) export const { // 获取和当前路由相关的信息 (路由参数、路由配置等) selectCurrentRoute, // 获取地址栏中 # 号后面的内容 selectFragment, // 获取路由查询参数 selectQueryParams, // 获取具体的某一个查询参数 selectQueryParam('name') selectQueryParam, // 获取动态路由参数 selectRouteParams, // 获取某一个具体的动态路由参数 selectRouteParam('name') selectRouteParam, // 获取路由自定义数据 selectRouteData, // 获取路由的实际访问地址 selectUrl } = getSelectors(selectRouter)
// home.component.ts import { select, Store } from "@ngrx/store" import { AppState } from "src/app/store" import { selectQueryParams } from "src/app/store/selectors/router.selectors" export class AboutComponent { constructor(private store: Store<AppState>) { this.store.pipe(select(selectQueryParams)).subscribe(console.log) } }
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