vue如何阻止重复请求
本篇内容介绍了“vue如何阻止重复请求”的有关知识，在实际案例的操作过程中，不少人都会遇到这样的困境，接下来就让小编带领大家学习一下如何处理这些情况吧！希望大家仔细阅读，能够学有所成！
项目当中前端代码会遇到同一个请求向服务器发了多次的情况,我们要避免服务器资源浪费,同一个请求一定时间只允许发一次请求
思路
(1)如果业务简单,例如同一个按钮防止多次点击,我们可以用定时器做防抖处理
(2)如果业务复杂,例如多个组件通过代码,同一个请求发多次,这个时候防抖已经不好处理了,最好是对重复的ajax请求统一做取消操作
实现
方式1-通过定时器做防抖处理
(a)概述
效果:当用户连续点击多次同一个按钮,最后一次点击之后,过小段时间后才发起一次请求
原理:每次调用方法后都产生一个定时器,定时器结束以后再发请求,如果重复调用方法,就取消当前的定时器,创建新的定时器,等结束后再发请求,工作当中可以用第三方封装的工具函数例如lodash的debounce方法来简化防抖的代码
(b)代码
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
<script src="https://lf26-cdn-tos.bytecdntp.com/cdn/expire-1-M/lodash.js/4.17.21/lodash.min.js" type="application/javascript"></script>
<script src="https://lf26-cdn-tos.bytecdntp.com/cdn/expire-1-M/vue/2.6.14/vue.min.js" type="application/javascript"></script>
<script src="https://lf9-cdn-tos.bytecdntp.com/cdn/expire-1-M/axios/0.26.0/axios.min.js" type="application/javascript"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="app">
<button @click="onClick">请求</button>
</div>
</body>
<script>
// 定义请求接口
function sendPost(data){
return axios({
url: 'https://nodejs-cloud-studio-demo-bkzxs.nodejs-cloud-studio-demo.50185620.cn-hangzhou.fc.devsapp.net/test',
method: 'post',
data
})
}
new Vue({
el: '#app',
methods: {
// 调用lodash的防抖方法debounce,实现连续点击按钮多次,0.3秒后调用1次接口
onClick: _.debounce(async function(){
let res = await sendPost({username:'zs', age: 20})
console.log('请求的结果', res.data)
}, 300),
},
})
</script>
</html>
(c)预览
连接
(d)存在的问题
无法解决多个按钮件的重复请求的发送问题,例如下面两种情况
情况-在点击事件上做防抖
按钮事件间是相互独立的,调用的是不同方法,做不到按钮间防抖效果
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
<script src="https://lf26-cdn-tos.bytecdntp.com/cdn/expire-1-M/lodash.js/4.17.21/lodash.min.js" type="application/javascript"></script>
<script src="https://lf26-cdn-tos.bytecdntp.com/cdn/expire-1-M/vue/2.6.14/vue.min.js" type="application/javascript"></script>
<script src="https://lf9-cdn-tos.bytecdntp.com/cdn/expire-1-M/axios/0.26.0/axios.min.js" type="application/javascript"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="app">
<button @click="onClick1" ref="btn1">请求1</button>
<button @click="onClick2" ref="btn2">请求2</button>
</div>
</body>
<script>
let sendPost = function(data){
return axios({
url: 'http://nodejs-cloud-studio-demo-bkzxs.nodejs-cloud-studio-demo.50185620.cn-hangzhou.fc.devsapp.net/test',
method: 'post',
data
})
}
new Vue({
el: '#app',
mounted() {
this.$refs.btn1.click()
this.$refs.btn2.click()
},
methods: {
// 使用lodash对请求方法做防抖
//这里有问题,只是对每个按钮的点击事件单独做了防抖,但是两个按钮之间做不到防抖的效果
onClick1: _.debounce(async function(){
let res = await sendPost({username:'zs', age: 20})
console.log('请求1的结果', res.data)
}, 300),
onClick2: _.debounce(async function(){
let res = await sendPost({username:'zs', age: 20})
console.log('请求2的结果', res.data)
}, 300),
},
})
</script>
</html>
预览
情况2-在接口方法做防抖
按钮间调用的方法是相同的,是可以对方法做防抖处理,但是处理本身对方法做了一次封装,会影响到之前方法的返回值接收,需要对之前的方法做更多处理,变得更加复杂,不推荐
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
<script src="https://lf26-cdn-tos.bytecdntp.com/cdn/expire-1-M/lodash.js/4.17.21/lodash.min.js" type="application/javascript"></script>
<script src="https://lf26-cdn-tos.bytecdntp.com/cdn/expire-1-M/vue/2.6.14/vue.min.js" type="application/javascript"></script>
<script src="https://lf9-cdn-tos.bytecdntp.com/cdn/expire-1-M/axios/0.26.0/axios.min.js" type="application/javascript"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="app">
<button @click="onClick1" ref="btn1">请求1</button>
<button @click="onClick2" ref="btn2">请求2</button>
</div>
</body>
<script>
// 使用lodash对请求方法做防抖,
let sendPost = _.debounce(function(data){
//这里有问题,这里的返回值不能作为sendPost方法执行的返回值,因为debounce内部包裹了一层
return axios({
url: 'http://nodejs-cloud-studio-demo-bkzxs.nodejs-cloud-studio-demo.50185620.cn-hangzhou.fc.devsapp.net/test',
method: 'post',
data
})
}, 300)
new Vue({
el: '#app',
mounted() {
this.$refs.btn1.click()
this.$refs.btn2.click()
},
methods: {
onClick1: async function(){
//这里有问题,sendPost返回值不是promise,而是undefined
let res = await sendPost({username:'zs', age: 20})
console.log('请求1的结果', res)
},
onClick2: async function(){
let res = await sendPost({username:'zs', age: 20})
console.log('请求2的结果', res)
},
},
})
</script>
</html>
预览
方式2-通过取消ajax请求
(a) 概述
直接对请求方法做处理,通过ajax库的api方法把重复的请求给取消掉
(b)原理
原生ajax取消请求
通过调用XMLHttpRequest对象实例的abort方法把请求给取消掉
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
</body>
<script>
//原生ajax的语法
let xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
xhr.open("GET", "http://nodejs-cloud-studio-demo-bkzxs.nodejs-cloud-studio-demo.50185620.cn-hangzhou.fc.devsapp.net/test?username=zs&age=20", true);
xhr.onload = function(){
console.log(xhr.responseText)
}
xhr.send();
//在谷歌浏览器的低速3g下面测试
//通过XMLHttpRequest实例的abort方法取消请求
setTimeout(() => xhr.abort(), 100);
</script>
</html>
预览
axios取消请求
通过axios的CancelToken对象实例cancel方法把请求给取消掉
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
<script src="https://lf9-cdn-tos.bytecdntp.com/cdn/expire-1-M/axios/0.26.0/axios.min.js" type="application/javascript"></script>
</head>
<body>
</body>
<script>
/*axios的取消的语法*/
// 方式1-通过axios.CancelToken.source产生cancelToken和cancel方法
/*
const source = axios.CancelToken.source();
axios.get('http://nodejs-cloud-studio-demo-bkzxs.nodejs-cloud-studio-demo.50185620.cn-hangzhou.fc.devsapp.net/test', {
params: {username: 'zs', age: 20},
cancelToken: source.token
}).then(res=>{
console.log('res', res.data)
}).catch(err=>{
console.log('err', err)
})
//在谷歌浏览器的低速3g下面测试
//通过调用source的cancel方法取消
setTimeout(() => source.cancel(), 100);
*/
/**/
// 方式2-通过new axios.CancelToken产生cancelToken和cancel方法
let cancelFn
const cancelToken = new axios.CancelToken(cancel=>{
cancelFn = cancel
});
axios.get('http://nodejs-cloud-studio-demo-bkzxs.nodejs-cloud-studio-demo.50185620.cn-hangzhou.fc.devsapp.net/test', {
params: {username: 'zs', age: 20},
cancelToken: cancelToken
}).then(res=>{
console.log('res', res.data)
}).catch(err=>{
console.log('err', err)
})
//在谷歌浏览器的低速3g下面测试
//通过调用cancelFn方法取消
setTimeout(() => cancelFn(), 100);
</script>
</html>
预览
(c)代码
步骤1-通过axios请求拦截器取消重复请求
通过axios请求拦截器,在每次请求前把请求信息和请求的取消方法放到一个map对象当中,并且判断map对象当中是否已经存在该请求信息的请求,如果存在取消上传请求
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
<script src="https://lf26-cdn-tos.bytecdntp.com/cdn/expire-1-M/vue/2.6.14/vue.min.js" type="application/javascript"></script>
<script src="https://lf9-cdn-tos.bytecdntp.com/cdn/expire-1-M/axios/0.26.0/axios.min.js" type="application/javascript"></script>
<script src="https://lf3-cdn-tos.bytecdntp.com/cdn/expire-1-M/qs/6.10.3/qs.js" type="application/javascript"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="app">
<button @click="onClick1" ref="btn1">请求1</button>
<button @click="onClick2" ref="btn2">请求2</button>
</div>
</body>
<script>
//存储请求信息和取消方法的的map对象
const pendingRequest = new Map();
//根据请求的信息(请求方式,url,请求get/post数据),产生map的key
function getRequestKey(config){
const { method, url, params, data } = config;
return [method, url, Qs.stringify(params), Qs.stringify(data)].join("&");
}
//请求拦截器
axios.interceptors.request.use(
function (config) {
//根据请求的信息(请求方式,url,请求get/post数据),产生map的key
let requestKey = getRequestKey(config)
//判断请求是否重复
if(pendingRequest.has(requestKey)){
//取消上次请求
let cancel = pendingRequest.get(requestKey)
cancel()
//删除请求信息
pendingRequest.delete(requestKey)
}
//把请求信息,添加请求到map当中
// 生成取消方法
config.cancelToken = config.cancelToken || new axios.CancelToken(cancel => {
// 把取消方法添加到map
if (!pendingRequest.has(requestKey)) {
pendingRequest.set(requestKey, cancel)
}
})
return config;
},
(error) => {
return Promise.reject(error);
}
);
let sendPost = function(data){
return axios({
url: 'http://nodejs-cloud-studio-demo-bkzxs.nodejs-cloud-studio-demo.50185620.cn-hangzhou.fc.devsapp.net/test',
method: 'post',
data
})
}
new Vue({
el: '#app',
mounted() {
this.$refs.btn1.click()
this.$refs.btn2.click()
},
methods: {
// 使用lodash对请求方法做防抖
//这里有问题,只是对每个按钮的点击事件单独做了防抖,但是两个按钮之间做不到防抖的效果
onClick1: async function(){
let res = await sendPost({username:'zs', age: 20})
console.log('请求1的结果', res.data)
},
onClick2: async function(){
let res = await sendPost({username:'zs', age: 20})
console.log('请求2的结果', res.data)
},
},
})
</script>
</html>
预览
步骤2-通过axios响应拦截器处理请求成功
通过axios的响应拦截器,在请求成功后在map对象当中,删除该请求信息的数据
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
<script src="https://lf26-cdn-tos.bytecdntp.com/cdn/expire-1-M/vue/2.6.14/vue.min.js" type="application/javascript"></script>
<script src="https://lf9-cdn-tos.bytecdntp.com/cdn/expire-1-M/axios/0.26.0/axios.min.js" type="application/javascript"></script>
<script src="https://lf3-cdn-tos.bytecdntp.com/cdn/expire-1-M/qs/6.10.3/qs.js" type="application/javascript"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="app">
<button @click="onClick1" ref="btn1">请求1</button>
<button @click="onClick2" ref="btn2">请求2</button>
</div>
</body>
<script>
//存储请求信息和取消方法的的map对象
const pendingRequest = new Map();
//根据请求的信息(请求方式,url,请求get/post数据),产生map的key
function getRequestKey(config){
const { method, url, params, data } = config;
return [method, url, Qs.stringify(params), Qs.stringify(data)].join("&");
}
//请求拦截器
axios.interceptors.request.use(
function (config) {
//根据请求的信息(请求方式,url,请求get/post数据),产生map的key
let requestKey = getRequestKey(config)
//判断请求是否重复
if(pendingRequest.has(requestKey)){
//取消上次请求
let cancel = pendingRequest.get(requestKey)
cancel()
//删除请求信息
pendingRequest.delete(requestKey)
}
//把请求信息,添加请求到map当中
// 生成取消方法
config.cancelToken = config.cancelToken || new axios.CancelToken(cancel => {
// 把取消方法添加到map
if (!pendingRequest.has(requestKey)) {
pendingRequest.set(requestKey, cancel)
}
})
return config;
},
(error) => {
return Promise.reject(error);
}
);
//响应拦截器
axios.interceptors.response.use(
(response) => {
//请求成功
//删除请求的信息
let requestKey = getRequestKey(response.config)
if(pendingRequest.has(requestKey)){
pendingRequest.delete(requestKey)
}
return response;
},
(error) => {
return Promise.reject(error);
}
);
let sendPost = function(data){
return axios({
url: 'http://nodejs-cloud-studio-demo-bkzxs.nodejs-cloud-studio-demo.50185620.cn-hangzhou.fc.devsapp.net/test',
method: 'post',
data
})
}
new Vue({
el: '#app',
mounted() {
this.$refs.btn1.click()
this.$refs.btn2.click()
},
methods: {
// 使用lodash对请求方法做防抖
//这里有问题,只是对每个按钮的点击事件单独做了防抖,但是两个按钮之间做不到防抖的效果
onClick1: async function(){
let res = await sendPost({username:'zs', age: 20})
console.log('请求1的结果', res.data)
},
onClick2: async function(){
let res = await sendPost({username:'zs', age: 20})
console.log('请求2的结果', res.data)
},
},
})
</script>
</html>
预览
步骤3-通过axios响应拦截器处理请求失败
通过axios的响应拦截器,在请求失败后在map对象当中,删除该请求信息的数据
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
<script src="https://lf26-cdn-tos.bytecdntp.com/cdn/expire-1-M/vue/2.6.14/vue.min.js" type="application/javascript"></script>
<script src="https://lf9-cdn-tos.bytecdntp.com/cdn/expire-1-M/axios/0.26.0/axios.min.js" type="application/javascript"></script>
<script src="https://lf3-cdn-tos.bytecdntp.com/cdn/expire-1-M/qs/6.10.3/qs.js" type="application/javascript"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="app">
<button @click="onClick1" ref="btn1">请求1</button>
<button @click="onClick2" ref="btn2">请求2</button>
</div>
</body>
<script>
//存储请求信息和取消方法的的map对象
const pendingRequest = new Map();
//根据请求的信息(请求方式,url,请求get/post数据),产生map的key
function getRequestKey(config){
const { method, url, params, data } = config;
return [method, url, Qs.stringify(params), Qs.stringify(data)].join("&");
}
//请求拦截器
axios.interceptors.request.use(
function (config) {
//根据请求的信息(请求方式,url,请求get/post数据),产生map的key
let requestKey = getRequestKey(config)
//判断请求是否重复
if(pendingRequest.has(requestKey)){
//取消上次请求
let cancel = pendingRequest.get(requestKey)
cancel()
//删除请求信息
pendingRequest.delete(requestKey)
}
//把请求信息,添加请求到map当中
// 生成取消方法
config.cancelToken = config.cancelToken || new axios.CancelToken(cancel => {
// 把取消方法添加到map
if (!pendingRequest.has(requestKey)) {
pendingRequest.set(requestKey, cancel)
}
})
return config;
},
(error) => {
return Promise.reject(error);
}
);
//删除请求信息
function delPendingRequest(config){
let requestKey = getRequestKey(config)
if(pendingRequest.has(requestKey)){
pendingRequest.delete(requestKey)
}
}
//响应拦截器
axios.interceptors.response.use(
(response) => {
//请求成功
//删除请求的信息
delPendingRequest(response.config)
return response;
},
(error) => {
//请求失败
//不是取消请求的错误
if (!axios.isCancel(error)){
//服务器报400,500报错,删除请求信息
delPendingRequest(error.config || {})
}
return Promise.reject(error);
}
);
let sendPost = function(data){
return axios({
url: 'http://nodejs-cloud-studio-demo-bkzxs.nodejs-cloud-studio-demo.50185620.cn-hangzhou.fc.devsapp.net/test',
method: 'post',
data
})
}
new Vue({
el: '#app',
mounted() {
this.$refs.btn1.click()
this.$refs.btn2.click()
},
methods: {
// 使用lodash对请求方法做防抖
//这里有问题,只是对每个按钮的点击事件单独做了防抖,但是两个按钮之间做不到防抖的效果
onClick1: async function(){
let res = await sendPost({username:'zs', age: 20})
console.log('请求1的结果', res.data)
},
onClick2: async function(){
let res = await sendPost({username:'zs', age: 20})
console.log('请求2的结果', res.data)
},
},
})
</script>
</html>
“vue如何阻止重复请求”的内容就介绍到这里了，感谢大家的阅读。如果想了解更多行业相关的知识可以关注蜗牛博客网站，小编将为大家输出更多高质量的实用文章！
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