怎么滥用IBM WebSphere平台中的Java远程协议漏洞
本篇内容主要讲解“怎么滥用IBM WebSphere平台中的Java远程协议漏洞”,感兴趣的朋友不妨来看看。本文介绍的方法操作简单快捷,实用性强。下面就让小编来带大家学习“怎么滥用IBM WebSphere平台中的Java远程协议漏洞”吧!
CORBA,即公共对象请求代理体系结构,它是一个由对象管理组织(OMG)定义的标准化规范。它是一个独立与平台的RPC框架,并且早于SOAP和gRPC等标准出现。在分布式环境中,CORBA使用了互联网InterORB协议(IIOP)来实现端点之间的通信。在IBM WebSphere的默认安装配置下,CORBA服务可以运行在TCP端口2809、9100、9402和9403。在调用服务方法之前,Interceptor类将会拦截调用请求,这里我们需要注意的是TxServerInterceptor类。
CVE-2020-4450-snippet-1.java:
public void receive_request(ServerRequestInfo sri) { // ...snip... if (TxProperties.SINGLE_PROCESS) { propagationContext = TxInterceptorHelper.demarshalContext(serviceContext.context_data, (ORB)((LocalObject)sri)._orb()); // <------------ contextType = TxInterceptorHelper.determineContextType(propagationContext); } // ...snip... } public static final PropagationContext demarshalContext(byte[] bytes, ORB orb) { // ...snip... propContext.implementation_specific_data = inputStream.read_any(); // <------- // ...snip... } public Any read_any() { // ...snip... any.read_value(this.encoderStream, typeCodeImpl); // <------------------------ return any; } private Object simpleReadObjectInternal(Class paramClass, String paramString) throws ClassNotFoundException, IOException { // ...snip... return readSerializable(paramClass, objectStreamClass, paramString); // <------ // ...snip... } private Object readSerializable(Class paramClass, ObjectStreamClass paramObjectStreamClass, String paramString) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException { // ...snip... return inputObjectClassDesc(serializable, paramObjectStreamClass); // <------- } private Object inputObjectClassDesc(Object paramObject, ObjectStreamClass paramObjectStreamClass) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException { ObjectStreamClass objectStreamClass = processClassHierarchy(paramObject, paramObjectStreamClass); return inputObjectUsingClassDesc(paramObject, objectStreamClass); // <-------- } Object inputObjectUsingClassDesc(Object paramObject, ObjectStreamClass paramObjectStreamClass) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException { // ...snip... ObjectStreamClass objectStreamClass = this.readObjectOSC; this.readObjectOSC = paramObjectStreamClass; paramObjectStreamClass.readObjectMethod.invoke(paramObject, this.readObjectArglist); // <--- calls readObject() this.readObjectOSC = objectStreamClass; return true; }
当TxServerInterceptor类成功拦截调用请求时,便会调用receive_request()方法,同时还会试用demarshalContext()方法来从字节流中接收一个ServiceContext对象,而这个对象是攻击者可控的。任何嵌入在这个字节流中的对象都可以通过调用read_any()方法来提取,最终通过调用readObject()方法来获取嵌入的对象类。
远程代码执行漏洞(CVE-2020-4450)
尽管我们可以实现对任何对象进行反序列化操作,但实现远程代码执行并非易事。这是因为IBM Java SDK实现了针对反序列化攻击的安全缓解措施,其中包括:
拥有更严格的ClassLoader类,在运行时仅提供必要的类;
TemplatesImpl类已无法再被序列化;
IBM SDK不会使用Oracle JDK的Java名命方法以及目录接口(JNDI)。因此,我们无法通过RMI/LDAP来加载远程类并实现漏洞利用;
根据tint0的描述,tint0提供了一个Gadget链来绕过这种缓解方案。这个Gadget使用了WSIFPort_EJB类作为入口点。
CVE-2020-4450-snippet-2.java:
public class WSIFPort_EJB extends WSIFDefaultPort implements Serializable { // ...snip... private void readObject(ObjectInputStream ois) throws ClassNotFoundException, IOException { ois.defaultReadObject(); if (this.separatedEJBRefs) { Object objHome = ois.readObject(); if (objHome != null && objHome instanceof HomeHandle) { HomeHandle homeHandle = (HomeHandle)objHome; this.fieldEjbHome = homeHandle.getEJBHome(); } Object obj = ois.readObject(); if (obj != null && obj instanceof Handle) { Handle handle = (Handle)obj; this.fieldEjbObject = handle.getEJBObject(); // <---------------------- } } } } public EJBObject getEJBObject() throws RemoteException { // ...snip... home = (EJBHome)PortableRemoteObject.narrow(ctx.lookup(this.homeJNDIName), homeClass); // <---- // ...snip... Method fbpk = findFindByPrimaryKey(homeClass); // <---- returns findFindByPrimaryKey() method this.object = (EJBObject)fbpk.invoke(home, new Object[] { this.key }); <-- $proxy.findFindByPrimaryKey(Serializable $arg) }
这个类最有趣的地方在于getEJBObject()方法,我们一起来看一看这里面的JNDI查询调用。
CVE-2020-4450-snippet-3.java:
com.sun.jndi.rmi.registry.RegistryContext#lookup com.sun.jndi.rmi.registry.RegistryContext#decodeObject javax.naming.spi.NamingManager#getObjectInstance org.apache.aries.jndi.OSGiObjectFactoryBuilder#getObjectInstance org.apache.aries.jndi.ObjectFactoryHelper#getObjectInstance org.apache.aries.jndi.ObjectFactoryHelper#getObjectInstanceViaContextDotObjectFactories protected Object getObjectInstanceViaContextDotObjectFactories(Object obj, Name name, Context nameCtx, Hashtable<?, ?> environment, Attributes attrs) throws Exception { Object result = null; String factories = (String)environment.get("java.naming.factory.object"); if (factories != null && factories.length() > 0) { String[] candidates = factories.split(":"); ClassLoader cl = (ClassLoader)AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<ClassLoader>() { public ClassLoader run() { return Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader(); } }); for (String cand : candidates) { ObjectFactory factory = null; try { Class<ObjectFactory> clz = cl.loadClass(cand); factory = (ObjectFactory)clz.newInstance(); } catch (Exception e) { if (logger.isLoggable(Level.FINE)) logger.log(Level.FINE, "Exception instantiating factory: " + e); } if (logger.isLoggable(Level.FINE)) logger.log(Level.FINE, "cand=" + cand + " factory=" + factory); if (factory != null) { if (factory instanceof DirObjectFactory) { if (logger.isLoggable(Level.FINE)) logger.log(Level.FINE, "its a DirObjectFactory"); DirObjectFactory dirFactory = (DirObjectFactory)factory; result = dirFactory.getObjectInstance(obj, name, nameCtx, environment, attrs); } else { if (logger.isLoggable(Level.FINE)) logger.log(Level.FINE, "its an ObjectFactory"); result = factory.getObjectInstance(obj, name, nameCtx, environment); } } if (result != null && result != obj) break; } } if (logger.isLoggable(Level.FINE)) logger.log(Level.FINE, "result = " + result); return (result == null) ? obj : result; }
我们可以看到,getObjectInstanceViaContextDotObjectFactories()将会调用getObjectInstance的任意ObjectFactory类,其中一个跟我们Gadget链相关的类就是WSIFServiceObjectFactory。
CVE-2020-4450-snippet-4.java:
public Object getObjectInstance(Object obj, Name name, Context context, Hashtable env) throws Exception { Trc.entry(this, obj, name, context, env); if (obj instanceof Reference && obj != null) { Reference ref = (Reference)obj; if (ref.getClassName().equals(WSIFServiceRef.class.getName())) { String wsdlLoc = resolveString(ref.get("wsdlLoc")); String serviceNS = resolveString(ref.get("serviceNS")); String serviceName = resolveString(ref.get("serviceName")); String portTypeNS = resolveString(ref.get("portTypeNS")); String portTypeName = resolveString(ref.get("portTypeName")); if (wsdlLoc != null) { WSIFServiceFactory factory = WSIFServiceFactory.newInstance(); WSIFService service = factory.getService(wsdlLoc, serviceNS, serviceName, portTypeNS, portTypeName); Trc.exit(service); return service; } } else if (ref.getClassName().equals(WSIFServiceStubRef.class.getName())) { String wsdlLoc = resolveString(ref.get("wsdlLoc")); String serviceNS = resolveString(ref.get("serviceNS")); String serviceName = resolveString(ref.get("serviceName")); String portTypeNS = resolveString(ref.get("portTypeNS")); String portTypeName = resolveString(ref.get("portTypeName")); String preferredPort = resolveString(ref.get("preferredPort")); String className = resolveString(ref.get("className")); if (wsdlLoc != null) { WSIFServiceFactory factory = WSIFServiceFactory.newInstance(); WSIFService service = factory.getService(wsdlLoc, serviceNS, serviceName, portTypeNS, portTypeName); // <---- Class iface = Class.forName(className, true, Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader()); Object stub = service.getStub(preferredPort, iface); Trc.exit(stub); return stub; } } } }
针对getObjectInstance()的调用将会根据一个指向远程XML定义的URL来初始化一个Web服务调用框架(WSIF)服务,而这个XML也是攻击者可控的。在这种场景下,服务的className会被设置为javax.el.ELProcessor,并且会定义一个java:operation元素,然后将findByPrimaryKey()映射为eval()方法。
getObjectInstance()调用将会返回一个WSIFClientProxy Java代理对象,当findByPrimaryKey()方法被调用时,这个代理对象将会调用ELProcessor实例的eval()方法。别忘了我们已经可以通过反序列化来控制this.key参数了,那么这样一来,我们就可以通过表达式语言注入技术来实现远程代码执行了。
信息披露漏洞(CVE-2020-4449)
这个漏洞利用Gadget利用的是一个XXE漏洞,漏洞代码如下所示。
CVE-2020-4450-snippet-5.java:
public static Definition readWSDL(String contextURL, String wsdlLoc) throws WSDLException { Trc.entry(null, contextURL, wsdlLoc); initializeProviders(); WSDLFactory factory = WSDLFactory.newInstance("org.apache.wsif.wsdl.WSIFWSDLFactoryImpl"); WSDLReader wsdlReader = factory.newWSDLReader(); // <--------------------- wsdlReader.setFeature("javax.wsdl.verbose", false); try { Definition def = wsdlReader.readWSDL(contextURL, wsdlLoc); // <--------- Trc.exitExpandWsdl(def); return def; } catch (WSDLException e) { Trc.exception(e); MessageLogger.log("WSIF.0002E", wsdlLoc); throw e; } }
这个Gadget还演示了如何在现代JRE中如何绕过类似的缓解方案,尤其是通过FTP来实现越界提取等等。在这种场景下,数据是通过错误信息来提取的,因此当代码在解析XML文档时,如果没有封装在一个try/catch语句中的话,那么该漏洞将产生严重影响。
漏洞修复
为了修复这些漏洞,IBM采取了很多措施来确保TxServerInterceptor类不再会被反序列化为任意对象:
到此,相信大家对“怎么滥用IBM WebSphere平台中的Java远程协议漏洞”有了更深的了解,不妨来实际操作一番吧!这里是蜗牛博客网站,更多相关内容可以进入相关频道进行查询,关注我们,继续学习!
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